12 Chromosome represents between 4% and 4.5% of the total DNA in cells. People normally have two copies of this chromosome as all other non-sex chromosomes. Chromosome twelve spans about 132 million base pairs. Base Pairs are two molecules (nucleotides) on opposite DNA strands that are connected. Adenine (A) forms a base pair with thymine (T), as does guanine (G) with cytosine (C) in DNA. Base pairs is how DNA is measured. There are about 1,370 genes in this chromosome.

Alignment of the human chromosome 12 sequence across vertebrates reveals the origin of individual segments in chicken, and a unique history of rearrangement through rodent and primate lineages. The rate of base substitutions in recent evolutionary history shows an overall slowing in hominids compared with primates and rodents.

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