Haplogroups

When someone gets a DNA test done they are put into one of these groups that have matching markers with other people. This shows the migration of your family history.

Because a Haplogroup consists of similar haplotypes, this is what makes it possible to predict a Haplogroup from Haplotypes. A SNP test confirms a Haplogroup. Haplogroups are assigned letters of the alphabet, and refinements consist of additional number and letter combinations.

Y-DNA is passed solely along the patrilineal line (your father's side... father to father, etc.), while mtDNA is passed solely on the matrilineal line (your mother's side... mother to mother, etc.), and are both non-recombinant DNA; which therefore change only by chance mutation from each generation rather than due to intermixture between parents.

There are 38 major Haplotypes for Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups

• Sub-Saharan African: L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6
• West Eurasian: H, HV, T, U, V, X, K, I, J, R0, W
• East Eurasian: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, Y, Z (note: C, D, E, G, Q, and Z belong to macro-haplogroup M)
• Native American: A, B, C, D, X
• Australo-Melanesian: P, Q, S
• Almost Everywhere: macro-haplogroup N and R

Learn more about your family history with the Enhanced Maternal Lineage Test at GeneTree.com!

Some letters you will not see in existence anymore, for example; Z. This means this bloodline died off due to some form of extinction. Population bottleneck occurred many times in history with wars and famine. These groups help define where you came from and with your own mtDNA Haplogroups DNA Test you would be provided with this information.

There are 28 major Haplotypes for Y Chromosome Haplogroup

Y Chromosome Haplogroup is broken up into 28 major groups. This will tell you the path of your father's, father's, father's, etc. journey.

Y-DNA Haplogroups by letters A through to T, with further subdivisions using numbers and lower case letters. Y-chromosomal Adam is the name given by researchers to a theoretical male who is the most recent common patrilineal (male-lineage) ancestor of all living humans.

Most Recent Common Y Ancestor

l

A --------------- BT

                        l

                         B ----------- CT

                                            l

                                             CF ----------------- DE

                                 l                 l

           C------------------------------------F           D----------E

                                            l

G--------H-----------------------------------IJK

                                        l

IJ-----------------------------------------------------K

                      l                         l              l  

    I---------J              L------M-----NOP-----S-------T

                                  l

                                                    NO---------------------P

                                 l                   l

                                                     N---------O                Q----------R