Y-DNA Haplogroup I represents nearly one-fifth of the
population of Europe. It can be found in most present-day European
populations, with greatest density in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Scandinavia and Sardinia.
The Haplogroup is almost non-existent outside of Europe,
suggesting that it arose in Europe. Estimates of the age of Haplogroup I suggest
that it arose prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. It may have been confined to
refugia around the Black Sea and in the Balkans during the last Ice Age, and
then spread northward during the recolonization of northern Europe following the
retreat of the glaciers.
Alexander Hamilton
was part of I Haplogroup.
Haplogroup I is closely related to
Haplogroup J, which is today most common in Semitic and Northeast Caucasian
peoples; both Haplogroup I and Haplogroup J have mutations in common making them
descendants of
Haplogroup IJ.
Y-DNA haplogroup I has been researched in connection with HIV and AIDS
progression. The research resulted in the finding that Haplogroup I in general,
and no specific subclade, had accelerated progression (in Y Haplogroup I
individuals) from HIV to AIDS. Suppression therapy also had a diminished effect
on such individuals
Subclades of I
I-M170 (M170, M258, P19, P38, P212, U179)
I-M253 (M253, M307, M450/S109, P30, P40, S62, S63, S64, S65, S66, S107,
S108, S110, S111) Typical of populations of Scandinavia and Northwest
Europe, with a moderate distribution throughout Eastern Europe
I-M21 (M21)
I-M227 (M227) Appears to be limited to a marginally low frequency
of approximately 1% among Slavic and Uralic peoples of Eastern Europe;
also detected in a single Lebanese man
I-M72 (M72)
I-L22 (L22/S142)
I-P109 (P109)
I-P259 (P259/M507)
I-S79 (S79)
I-M438 (M438/P215/S31, L68)
I-P37.2 (P37.2)
I-M423 (M423)Typical of the Slavic speaking populations of the
Balkans, especially the populations of Bosnia and Herzegovina and
Croatia; also found with high frequency in Moldavia and Romania and high
haplotype diversity values, but lower overall frequency, among the West
Slavic populations of Slovakia and the Czech Republic
I-P41.2 (P41.2/M359.2)
I-M26 (M26)Typical of the population of the so-called "archaic
zone" of Sardinia; also found at low frequencies among populations of
Southwest Europe, particularly in Castile, Béarn, and the Basque Country
I-M223 (M223, P219/S24, P220/S119, P221/S120, P222/U250/S118,
P223/S117) Occurs at a moderate frequency among populations of
Northwest Europe, with a peak frequency in the region of Lower Saxony in
central Germany; minor offshoots appear in Moldavia and Russia
(especially around Vladimir, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod, and the Republic
of Mordovia)
I-M284 (M284) Generally limited to a low frequency in Great
Britain
I-M379 (M379)
I-P78 (P78)
I-P95 (P95)
I-L38 (L38/S154, L39/S155, L40/S156, L65/S159)
Note that the naming of some of the subgroups has changed, as new markers
have been identified, and the sequence of mutations has become clearer..
