Steps of DNA Replication

 

 

The first steps of DNA Replication takes place is the breaking of hydrogen bonds between bases of the two strands. The unwinding of the two strands is the starting point. 

Splitting happens in the chains that have plentiful Adenine and Thymine. That is because there are only two bonds between Adenine and Thymine (there are three hydrogen bonds between Cytosine and Guanine). Helicase is the enzyme that splits the two strands. This is the origin of the replication which creates a fork shape.

 

 

One of the most important steps of DNA Replication is the binding of RNA Primase in the the initiation point of the 3'-5' parent chain. RNA primase is enzyme, a short RNA segment. RNA is very similar to DNA, though it is one stranded unlike DNA which is double stranded.

 

 

 

The elongation process allows a single strand of DNA to be used as a template for RNA synthesis.

As the 2 parts of the DNA split the lagging strand the RNA Primase adds more RNA Primers. The two parts of the DNA split are the leading strand and lagging strand.

In the lagging strand reads the fragments and removes the RNA enzymes. The gaps are closed with the action of DNA Polymerase which are also enzymes, then it adds phosphate in the remaining gaps of the phosphate - sugar backbone).

Each new DNA strand is made up of one old and one new chain called semiconservative replication.

The final step is the Termination. This process happens when the DNA Polymerase (enzymes) reaches to an end of both strands.  The end of the parental strand where the last enzymes binds aren't replicated. These ends of chromosomal DNA consists of noncoding DNA.

 

The DNA Replication is not completed before a mechanism of repair fixes possible errors caused during the replication. Enzymes like nucleases remove the wrong nucleotides and the DNA Polymerase (enzymes) fills the gaps. There are three major DNA repairing mechanisms: base excision (UV light, and chemical reaction), nucleotide excision (removes the damage), and mismatch repair (combines methyl all adenines). 

 

 

 

 

 

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